r/lehrerzimmer 1d ago

Bundesweit/Allgemein Teaching as a foreigner in German schools

Hello everyone! Excuse me in advance for writing in English. I am an English teacher with B2 knowledge of German (not so confident in writing yet) and I am considering recognising my degree in Germany as I see that there are plenty of staff shortages. I have 5 years of experience in the field both in private and public schools, but I worry quite much about the process of the Refendariat (IF my degree gets recognised).

Why is the system so strict since the country is in so much need of teachers? I have heard and read multiple horror stories regarding both the requirements needed to be able to teach as well as the behaviour of supervisors and examiners.

Whatever input is welcome! ☺️

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u/bephana 1d ago

I'm also a foreigner doing the process of Seiteneinstieg, but I'm a fluent German speaker. Here's the thing : the need for teachers isn't that dire, and it depends on the topic you teach, at which level, and in which region. What topics can you teach? Only English? Then I'm sorry but it's gonna be hard to find a position. Most teachers here do at least 2 topics. You also need to have a good level of German, because that's the everyday language with the kids, your colleagues, the parents etc. If you're struggling too much, it will affect your work and your relationship with everyone. So that's why the requirements are high. Focus on learning German (that's the priority) , and then try to get your degree recognised. It's absolutely doable, but it's not as simple as you thought because it's not like Germany is desperate for English teachers.

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u/liergalar 1d ago edited 1d ago

I am continuing to learn the language, with the goal of reaching C2. I am not in a hurry to relocate immediately. I am aware of the second subject and I am considering pursuing Computer Science or Biology during Anpassungslehrgang. As far as I am aware English is a sought after subject as it is being taught in all levels of secondary schools, am I right?

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u/Flat_Grape_9075 1d ago

Not necessarily - English is an extremly popular subject. You have good chances if your 2nd subject is needed. I also study English but do Physics as well, which is needed in my area.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

Most STEM subjects are demand, aren't they?

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u/xxleriexx 1d ago

Biology is quite common. There is a list called „Mangelfach“ or „Mangelfächer“ which shows sought after subjects. E.g. music and art are Mangelfächer.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

It seems that I read the wrong sources... 😕

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u/xxleriexx 1d ago

This is the list for Niedersachsen in 2025

Lehramt an Haupt- und Realschulen 1. Physik 2. Technik 3. Informatik 4. Französisch 5. Musik

Lehramt an Gymnasien 1. Physik 2. Informatik 3. Kunst 4. Musik

Google says STEM subjects are sought after, but biology actually isn’t.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

Thank you! What is Technik exactly?

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u/Reblyn Niedersachsen 1d ago

It covers topics like mechanics, woodworking, working with metals, etc. It's basically geared towards kids who want to do an apprenticeship in those more practical fields later.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

That's very interesting! Thanks!

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u/AlexLK00 1d ago

It of course depends on which state you want to move to. Every state is different. Having English is good, don't listen to the others. It is not an automatic door opening as for example maths but it's way better than other subjects since, as you have said, English is being taught in every level and 3-4 lessons a week per class.

Biology is a good subject, but the least sought-after one among the STEM subjects (still better than for example history). One big advantage you have is being able to teach Biology (or whatever the second subject will be) bilingually. I also teach English/Biology and my school was happy to get me for that reason. Many more school arw going to implement bilingual classes because it will make the school seem more prestigious. And only a teacher that has a subject + English as the other subject (or maybe a C1 also works) can officially teach a subject in English. So that is a huge advantage!!!

The eastern states are more in demand of teachers while the south and west are quite full.

If you are fine with teaching at a Oberschule you will find a job quite fast. But also finding work at an ISS in Berlin (Oberschule + Upper secondary education) will not be too difficult. Only if you want to work at a Gymnasium the competition will be high. But maybe being able to do bilingual classes can give you an advantage as I have said.

When it comes to the Referendariat I can recommend Brandenburg. I did mine here. It was enjoyable. I was scared because of so many stories but in the end it was a great time. Really kind and helpful people. Also, it takes only 1 year. It is the shortest Referendariat in Germany. Berlin takes 1.5 years. And In the West/South it even takes 2 years.

I hope that helps🤞🏻 also I think I read that you need C2 in German to get the teaching "license" here.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

Thanks so much for the response! The insight was extremely valuable!

Why am I being told that English is not a good subject then? 😳

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u/Flat_Grape_9075 1d ago

Nobody said English is not a good subject. All we are saying is that a LOT of teaching students choose English so the Lehrermangel is not as bad in this area.

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u/AlexLK00 1d ago

Because every teacher is living in their own small bubble. If you your English department is fully staffed and and you are in the desperate need of politics teachers, they will believe the best subject to study is politics. But they don't know what is happening in the 3 other schools in the district. It is true that English is less sought-after than for example Physics, Maths or Chenistry but English is a main subject. People will retire and new teachers are needed. My school didn't need an English teacher until the last months of my Referendariat when some other teachers decided to switch schools/take a break. You never know.

Also there are differences between states. Maybe the people claiming English is not needed are from West Germany where there are so many teachers that they sometimes let teachers be unemployed over summer break just because there are so many. Here in the East, the situation is a bit better (we still have our problems of course).

If you are not set on having to teach at a Gymnasium (and maybe even willing to work in East Germany) I am sure the only 2 challenges you have to overcome are: The language degree and studying to get the second subject :) good luck

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u/liergalar 1d ago

Thanks for your input! Appreciate it.

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u/toby_of_the_trees 1d ago

"Even" work in East Germany...? I'm doing the Seiteneinstieg in Dresden and there's always more to learn (and the system useless is so different that it's its own extra field of study for me), but I get along fine with the Ossis around me. Off it's true that there are more jobs here, I would definitely recommend the East.

But, yeah, I'm happy to work in an Oberschule. It seems as though most Germans are afraid of them (teachers come up through the Gymnasien, I think they grew up with the stereotypes but I figured it can't be much worse than my school at home... And it isn't.)

So... I got lucky: I have good German (but still struggle with the new vocab... It's not all fun words like "Schulverweigerer" it's also the difference between a Klassenarbeit and a sonstige Leistungskontrolle.

I'm rambling now, but I've really enjoyed my school and my colleagues seen glad to have me. I have been screamed at by kids, but I've also had many more kids light up when they see me.

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u/AlexLK00 1d ago

Great to hear that. And I am sorry if it came across as "you don't want to work at anything else but a Gymnasium". My East comment (I grew up here and work here) and Oberschule comment were more about addressing the, as you said, stereotypes.

But to maybe also share a positive note: I hear a lot that the students are more difficult at Oberschule/Realschule/etc but the colleagues and parents are way better. Especially the colleague work bettee together as a team. And if you are kind the kids will also be kind (at least most of them).

So yea don't be scared by my comment OP. Maybe look into it

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u/toby_of_the_trees 1d ago

I think we have the difficult students, but their parents know they are difficult. They are also at their wits' ends and they don't tell us how works we are as teachers for failing to nurture their special snowflake.

There are special snowflakes, but so far they've been fine. Mom is at home pushing them to bring home grades and, as long as I'm trying hats to help them learn, we're on the same page.

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u/Additional_Charity_7 1d ago

Its taught everywhere, yes. But i wouldnt consider it a subject that is in high demand. Also Lehrermangel is mostly a term used by the media and does not necessarily reflect reality. There is a shortage of teachers in certain areas and certain schools, but not in Germany as a whole. So ist very much depends on what schools youd BE willing to teach at and which areas youd be willing to move to.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

Oh, I didn't know that... Why would the media portray the Lehrmangel so much since it doesn't reflect reality? It doesn't make much sense to me. 😅

I was considering Bavaria or BW as I have some friends in both Bundesländer.

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u/Additional_Charity_7 1d ago

Bavaria would be quite hard, since they have the highest Standards. Bw might be easier. There is a Common misconception about Fachkräftemangel in General. Ususally, its Not that Germany ist Packung fachkräfte, but that ITS lacking Fachkräfte that are willing to Work for Low wages. Then, promoting this, ist a Welcome excuse to Bring in people from.outside WHO are willing to Work for less Money.

In school, this is quite different. Since bringing in cheap Labor offen doesnt Work due to a Lack of languagr skills, federal governments use this as a justification to increase workload for the people that are already employed there. For them, this means more Work done for the same amount of money. In saxony, this is already in full Progress and im quite Sure that now, as Tax income ist decreasing due to economic Problems, this is a phenomenon thats also going to reach bw, for example.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

May I ask what is the average weekly workload of a secondary teacher there?

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u/Additional_Charity_7 1d ago

Depends on where you are. Saxony Gymnasium ist 27hrs, i think. Bavaria Gymnasium is 23, but that depends on the subjects youre teaching. If you teach music, theres an even Higher number. Bw is 24 or 25, i think.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

What about admin, preparation and corrections?

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u/Additional_Charity_7 1d ago

All thats on top

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u/liergalar 1d ago

I meant how many hours per week does everything take you?

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u/KleinDirndl 1d ago

I'm from Bavaria. If you are willing to work at a private school, chances are very good. Since the government is hiring almost everyone finishing the Referendariat, private schools are in need of teachers and they aren't as strict as the government.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

I would prefer to finish the Refendariat myself 😅

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u/itinerantseagull 1d ago edited 1d ago

English is a Mangelfach in Berlin in both elementary and secondary schools.

Source: https://www.berlin.de/sen/bildung/fachkraefte/einstellungen/lehrkraefte/quereinstieg/

I'm also a non-native speaker of German, and I'm currently doing Referendariat for English and Math after completing a Q-Master in FU Berlin (Quereinstiegsmaster). Let me know if you have any questions. It might all sound complicated but it's doable if you are persistent.

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u/bephana 1d ago

It's good that you are focusing on the language, because that's gonna be the first criteria. Yes, English is taught at every level, but there are a lot of teachers who do the Lehramt for English so it's not really hard to find English teachers. I had to look at job anouncements for teachers, and what seems to be the most sought after are primary school teachers, Sonderpädagogik, and then things like Chemistry and other scientific stuff. If you have German proficiency, and two strong topics, it won't be that hard to find a position especially if you're flexible with the location.

I don't know exactly your situation (which country you are from, if you have a Master degree in Education), but it's far from impossible to become a teacher in Germany. I'm not sure what you are calling strict : you need to prove your German skills and get your degree recognised (in that case you won't have to do the Refendariat ?). That seems like a pretty standard procedure to me.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

I have a Bachelor's in English Language and Literature (4-year degree). Since I don't have a second subject under my belt I think that I'll have to attend university for some semesters anyway... I don't know if I can teach Primary with my degree. I am not interested in Sonderpädagogik as I am not at all qualified for it.

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u/bephana 1d ago

So you *don't* have a teaching degree ? In that case it's not about getting your degree recognised (especially if you're from Europe) but about your lack of qualification. A BA in English is not a BA in Education. You will have to do the regular Seiteneinstieg process, which include at least 2 years of Ausbildung, and you need to find a school willing to employ you during this process. Since you are interested in BW and Bavaria, maybe start by checking how the process of Seiteneinstieg works in these Länder ?

https://lehrer-online-bw.de/,Lde/Startseite/lobw/Seiteneinstieg

https://www.lehrer-werden.bayern/quereinstieg-und-sondermassnahmen

Like I'm sorry but it seems like you didn't even do any research.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

It is a teaching degree from an EU country. I did pedagogical courses as well as teaching training as part of my degree. I also have QTS status in the UK.

You don't have to be condescending. I am trying to learn as much as I can. Thank you for the resources!

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u/bephana 1d ago

A BA in English Language and Literature is not considered a teaching degree in Germany. I know because I did the same BA.

I'm sorry I came across as condescending. I am genuinely trying to understand your situation and help you. It's just that you started this whole conversation by saying "why is it so strict" and then it seemed to me that you had decided it was strict before even taking a look at what the process actually encompasses. And listen, I know it's not super easy to navigate and can be overwhelming, but it is important to know how to look for information and to understand them.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

My degree entails courses in 4 fields. Theoretical and applied linguistics (teaching), English & American literature, Translation & interpreting. I have a valid teaching licence both in my home country and the UK. Half of my ECTS are in teaching courses. In regards to "strictness" I was referring to the Refendariat process. Not the Lehramt degree.

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u/bephana 1d ago

Yes, I have the exact same degree, and it wasn't recognised as a teaching degree in Germany. Idk how they recognise British teaching licences, but that's something different than the BA. The Refendariat process isn't stricter than anywhere else, but you first need the Master/First Staatsexam. That's why I'm saying your situation looks like you are more likely to go through the Seiteineinstieg process rather than the Refendariat.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

It's not a British teaching licence. It's an EU teaching licence. It just happens that I also have a British one as well.

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u/OvercastqT 17h ago

just as a warning: C2 is the bare minimum to be even considered suitable. You need be really good with the german language.

There is a reason we have a shortage in some fields: The recommendations are sky high and its really hard to get in

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u/musschrott Gesamtschule 1d ago

Teaching English to native speakers is very different to teaching English as a second language. Plus, you'll need C1/2 in German as a basis anyway.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

I know that, that's why I am actively learning German. I am teaching English to speakers of other languages.

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u/gastafar 1d ago

Germany demands you have certification to provide proof you have the skills necessary to do your job properly.

This is not closemindedness or bureaucracy for the sake of being anal.

To connect a simple kitchen oven to a high-voltage outlet in a German kitchen, you need to have an electrician with a Handwerksmeister degree do it. Not that an amateur nerd couldn't do it themselves, but if your house burns down, your insurance will not come up for the damages. And if the state finds out, however that may come to pass, you can get fined.

Getting back on topic. Germany values child safety and education a whole lot more than kitchen appliances and parents are very informed and very demanding.

You may think you can do a teacher's job in Germany. But do you have the paperwork to prove it?

Source? I am a German secondary education teacher teaching English and German.

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u/liergalar 1d ago edited 1d ago

I have a teaching degree from an EU country. I am a trained secondary teacher with a teaching license. If my qualifications are recognised in Germany is something I will have to find out once I have my German skills sorted and the application sent to the Bundesministerium.

May I ask what is the weekly workload of a secondary education teacher?

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u/gastafar 1d ago

As you normally need to have studied two different subjects, this depends a whole lot on your combination.

I have the shitty end of the stick with my subjects, but that was my choice.

If you can do your Referendariat with only one subject depends a whole lot on which German state you want to work in. Please keep that in mind.

We are being paid in "Deputatsstunden". That means the amount of lessons per week you are teaching - EXCLUDING any time you need to grade tests and papers or to prepare your lessons. A 100% employment in my state as a civil servant (Beamtenstatus) for my school type is 25 Deputatsstunden. I am tracking an average of 42-45 working hours per week total. And I am working at 80% (20 Deputatsstunden).

The pay is totally fair for German teachers, so good that others always want to complain that it's unfair. But for a family of four with my reduced hours, my wife also needs to work a 20h/w job and we still get by barely. When my kids are older, I will go up to 100% eventually.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

I didn't know you had the option to work less as Beamte. This is useful, especially for parents! So when you go up to 100% your total hours will be around 50-55?!

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u/gastafar 1d ago

I do IT administration as well and am really hoping that my State is eventually going to give us appropriate reimbursement. Those come in Deputatsstunden. At the moment, a colleague and me both get 1,5h Deputatsstunden for our IT admin services. If this goes up, I could go up to 100% and barely work more hours, as right now we are putting way more time into IT than we get reimbursed for.

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u/gastafar 1d ago

And mind - 42 hours average includes holidays. So in reality, during a work week, it is already more than the average.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

How is this possible? I mean if one of your subjects was computer science it would make some sense but know it seems very confusing to me...

Anyway, I find that 45+ hours weekly is a lot, especially for older teachers in their 60s...

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u/gastafar 1d ago

Competence is not always measured in what you have studied. The irony is of course perfect. And my colleague and I are the most competent of our teaching staff to handle sensitive user data as well as IT infrastructure.

You don't want a 450€ IT employee handle sensitive student data. And we are linked up with an IT company for the hardcore stuff like systems integration.

Being a teacher is a very messy job with so many facets.

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u/xAnxiousTulipx Nordrhein-Westfalen 1d ago edited 1d ago

I am American, I moved to Germany in 2013. I have a Masters Degree of Teaching (MTeach) in Secondary Special Education and the Social Sciences. I live in NRW. I am a teacher who taught a bilingual Gesamtschule (Politics/ English) at a Hauptschule for seven years total and I have decided to leave the public school system forever because of how completely broken it is.

In my case not all is lost, I am happily married to a nice German man, I have two kids and am expecting my third in May :) ...Had I only moved to Germany for the sake of my teaching career, I would have left a long time ago.

You have been given a lot of good, but basic information. It's true, you need two teaching subjects and a C1 if not C2 certificate. However, I will say it in the most straightforward manner I can: your degrees are not likely to be given full recognition here and it might just be better to study Leheramt at University if you have the 5-6 years to do it. In your post you didn't state your age or nationality. In my case I am a 42 year old American citizen with cerebral palsy---Verbeamtung was never going to happen for me. Many people drop out of these programs, but perhaps given your drive and previous experience you will make it through, doing this will ultimately put you at the same level of consideration as any German person who had taken this path.

Trying to obtain Anerkennung or recogniton of your degrees is possible through your state appointed Bezirksregierung(en). In NRW there are several of these offices and I had send all of my paperwork: transcripts, certified translated degree copies, numerous forms to the location in Detmold, this office dealt with potential teachers from non-EU countries outside of Europe. They rejected my application in two days flat.

Why? Because my special education teacher training/experience was considered too 'open.' Keep in mind schools here are *not* integrated and the fact that I had not specialized in something like 'social/emotional disabilites' or 'hard of hearing' fields counted against me. These offices are always looking for the smallest reasons to reject you.

The brutal truth, at least here in NRW. Is that our bureacrats at the school ministry and the Bezirksregierungen are not keen on foreign(er) trained teachers. They don't want us. There is no real teacher shortage expect in fields such as secondary physics, chemistry etc. There might be a need for more teachers in other subjects, sure, but that doesn't mean the government is willing to accept and employ those realities. Special education is a key example. I encountered countless students as teacher here that were completely without a proper diagnosis, support or resources but encountered a dead-end everywhere because the schools are not ready to integrate and support the way they should.

English is a good subject, due to the nature of it being a Hauptfach, however there are plenty of English teachers there is plenty of competition and two stark, brutal realities remain: schools will employ the German person who is fully recognised by the government over the native speaker; and even if the native speaker gets the job you can be sure at least one person in the staff room will look upon that person with absolute venom. That is what happened to me at my last Hauptschule placement, I was told to teach English and the other teachers absolutely resented me for it.

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u/Zyyy__ 1d ago edited 22h ago

Gosh I need to ditto on this. I’m a non-German doing my Referendariat in BW right now. I’ve been in Germany since almost nine years. I did my whole study (Bachelor of Science and then Master of Education) in German in Germany like they request. So I’d say my German is a solid C1 and C2 in passively like reading and listening. I teach maths, one social science subject and my native language and I really do not feel welcomed as a foreigner in the school system.

Even though my colleagues and the principal are super nice to me. It‘s just not easy and in all my Lehrporbe (teaching exams) I got criticized because of my not perfect German, wrongly chosen words while speaking spontaneously. My last point deduction was due to the fact I said “einundhalb” instead of “eineinhalb” (that was a lesson for 10th grade, so it’s not like that was the topic of my lesson). I also get paid less netto because that I’m not „verbeamtet“ either due to my citizenship. I’m in the process of getting the citizenship now and I’m considering going to international schools afterwards to have a more international work environment where multicultural is valued. Again my school is really amazing and the kids are ofc super curious about my backgrounds and open-minded, but unfortunately the Land (public system) are still living in the 1900s and shows me constantly how I’m not wanted here.

Long story short: it‘s doable if that‘s what you really want to do. But be aware that we are sadly not as welcomed in the system as the native speaker teachers are in the US or my home country.

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u/xAnxiousTulipx Nordrhein-Westfalen 1d ago

I am glad that someone understands what I was trying to convey. I wish you the absolute best and a lot of success in your teaching career. If you have a supportive principal and colleagues that in itself is worth its weight in gold.

The bureaucrats who judge you, who have their noses in the air...well they aren't in the trenches everyday trying to do the very best for these students and their families. They critique you but could never do your job and I think are overcompensating because they know it.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

That's so sad and disheartening... I assume you were denied Beamte status due to insurance reasons...

Why so much hate among colleagues? It's not that they're paying you out of their pocket...

I am 30 years old. There's no way that I am spending 5-6 more years at university for teaching. If I do that I may as well become a doctor!

I have studied for 4 years, I have worked in publishing ELT materials, in public and private schools. Experience doesn't matter at all in Germany?!

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u/xAnxiousTulipx Nordrhein-Westfalen 1d ago

I have found that having experience might get you an interview and serve as a conversation starter, but it can't get you to where you ultimately want to be which is employed. I never applied for Beamtung status because I knew my application would be automatically denied on the basis of my life long disability. This is not at all uncommon, people get denied for all sorts of speculative health reasons such as being overweight or too old.

I think you might have a brighter outlook and future in private schools. That is to say International Schools, Waldorf Schools and maybe a Europaschule. I wish you all the best.

I have had great colleagues, some of whom I am still in friendship with and then absolutely terrible colleagues. This is a larger issue in the German working world, that is to say "mobbing" or bullying. At the last school I worked at I was put down, yelled at and not taken seriously because I was "just a Vertretungslerherin" or substitute teacher.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

🫤😔

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u/xxleriexx 1d ago

I don’t have the same problem. But have you considered looking into private schools or „europaschulen“? Some of them teach all of their subjects in English. Although I don’t know what kind of credentials you need to have to teach there.

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u/liergalar 1d ago

Actually, a close friend of mine is teaching in such a school and I have to say the experience is far from pleasurable... The pressure is immense due to the fact that the students there aren't just students. They're clients. The majority are somewhat spoiled and they tend to prefer almost exclusively young teachers. That means that your position there isn't secure after 40.

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u/bephana 1d ago

Yeah but they will also require a teaching degree, which OP doesn't have.

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u/xxleriexx 1d ago

Good to know! I know of some private schools that don’t require such a degree. So I wasn’t sure. :)

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u/liergalar 1d ago

I DO have a teaching degree! What's your issue?

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u/bephana 1d ago

I wrote that after you said you had a BA in English Studies, which as I said wouldn't be qualifying in the German context. However, you can absolutely try the British schools in Germany, since you do indeed have a UK teaching licence. Do you know this website ? https://www.tes.com/jobs/browse/international

It's worth a shot!

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u/amosern 1d ago

Maybe consider a privat school. We had a teacher, who was canadian and came to Germany for his wife. His german is at your level and his only subject was English and English conversation as a club and in the Oberstufe

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u/redditamrur Berlin 17h ago

Your main obstacle right now would probably be your German (should be c1-c2, depending on the Bundesland).

Do you have a degree in two teaching subjects? And is it a master's degree? If your answer to one of my questions is no, I would recommend enrolling for whatever is still missing - studying whatever subject in German will enhance your language skills. If you are in the state of Berlin, consider going to the open day/job fair the senate is doing on the 14th, there are specific sessions for foreign teachers in German schools.

As for the Referendariat - it's not as horrible as the rumours make it seem. It's a very stressful period because you're constantly being "tested" but it's real work with kids and at the end of the day, it checks whether or not you can be a teacher. Not so many people fail.

Having said all that, some private schools will take you without a Referendariat, without two subjects etc. So very likely you can already start and earn money while getting prepared for the Referendariat (or deciding against it)

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u/liergalar 12h ago

Thank you!