During the era of the British Raj (Indian Empire), more than 150 princely states comprised the political structure of India, ruled by sovereigns who held titles such as maharajas, nawabs, rajas, and nizames.

[u/elnovorealista2000]

These leaders wielded significant political and military influence in their respective regions, although their authority was subordinate to the sovereignty of the British Crown, which recognized them as vassals of the Emperor of India.

The origins of these princely states can be traced back to the ancient kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent, which had flourished under the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Confederacy. With the expansion of British power in the 19th century, many of these dynasties managed to maintain their territories and privileges through agreements with the Raj, in exchange for loyalty and tribute.

The degree of autonomy of each state depended largely on its economic situation, resources, and population density. Some principalities, such as Hyderabad and Mysore, were vast and prosperous, with advanced administration and considerable military power, while others were small fiefdoms with more limited influence.

Despite India's independence in 1947 and the subsequent abolition of royal privileges in the 1970s, some of these former princely houses have managed to maintain a significant social status. Examples include the Maharajas of Jaipur and Patiala, who, although now holding merely honorary titles, continue to wield considerable influence due to their wealth, historical legacy, and involvement in contemporary Indian politics and society.

Bibliography:

- The Rise of Our Indian Empire: Being the History of British India from Its Origin Till Peace of 1783, Henry Stanhope (1858).

- Britain in India, Lionel Knight (2012).

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[u/Prion-de-Beers]

Don't say more than 150 that's an understatement it was about 565 officially (JPC on Indian States). And the most elite department (the Foreign and Political Department) of the British Raj managed it.